Cambridge scientists have created a groundbreaking 2D quantum sensor that can detect magnetic fields with unprecedented precision—potentially revolutionizing nanoscale imaging and materials research.
Key Points at a Glance
- Researchers used hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) for next-generation vectorial quantum magnetometry
- The sensor works at room temperature and exceeds diamond-based limitations
- Atomic-scale defects in hBN respond to magnetic fields with optically detectable precision
- Breakthrough enables atomic-resolution spatial mapping of magnetic phenomena
A team of physicists at the University of Cambridge has unlocked a new frontier in quantum sensing with the development of a two-dimensional sensor that operates at room temperature and detects vectorial magnetic fields with extreme precision. Their findings, published in Nature Communications, leverage the unique properties of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)—a cousin of graphene with game-changing optical behavior.
Until now, state-of-the-art nanoscale magnetometry has relied almost exclusively on nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. While powerful, NV centers are limited by their single-axis sensitivity and restricted dynamic range. The new hBN-based approach overcomes both constraints by enabling multi-axis magnetic field detection within an ultra-thin, atomically precise platform.
“This work takes quantum magnetometry to the next level,” said Dr. Carmem Gilardoni, co-first author from Cambridge’s Cavendish Laboratory. “Our hBN sensor is not only compatible with nanoscale systems, but it also offers greater flexibility and wider detection capabilities than existing diamond-based sensors.”
At the core of this breakthrough is a process known as optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR). In hBN, specific atomic-scale defects act as ‘spins’ that absorb and emit photons differently depending on the surrounding magnetic field. By tracking these emissions, scientists can build an ultra-precise map of magnetic activity—right down to the atomic scale.
“What makes this especially exciting is the 2D nature of the host material,” explained co-first author Dr. Simone Eizagirre Barker. “Because the material is atomically thin, we can place it incredibly close to the sample being measured, allowing for spatial resolutions previously thought impossible.”
hBN’s low symmetry and favorable optical properties are key to its superior performance. The team demonstrated that these characteristics allow for robust signal response across multiple field orientations and intensities, offering a large dynamic range in practical, real-world settings.
Professor Hannah Stern, who co-led the research with Professor Mete Atatüre, emphasized the broader potential. “This isn’t just about one material—it’s about building new tools for quantum science. From magnetic imaging in novel materials to sensing applications in biology or electronics, the impact could be far-reaching.”
As the quantum technology landscape continues to evolve, this innovation marks a turning point. With a sensor that’s not only more versatile but also potentially more scalable, Cambridge’s breakthrough could redefine how we measure the invisible forces shaping the microscopic world.
Source: University of Cambridge
